How do you say "respect" in English? What is the difference between respect, reverence, homage, esteem, veneration?

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How do you say "respect, respect" in English? What is the difference between respect, reverence, homage, esteem, veneration?

There are many words in English that can express words such as "respect", "respect", and "respect" in Chinese. Common words such as "respect", "reverence", "homage", "esteem" and "veneration" Which one is the word that best matches the meaning of "respect"?

1 Introduction

"Respect" is an attitude of being equal, not looking up, not looking down, and neither being humble nor overbearing. People need "mutual respect" when getting along with each other, so as to reduce conflicts and injuries, enhance peaceful coexistence, and improve their own level. , so "respect" is one of the important words for the inevitable attitude of living in this world and getting along with others.

In the context of Chinese, "respect" usually refers to the attitude of both parties in a state of equality, and for the other party's higher level, better expertise in a certain field, or higher seniority, usually more respect Polite or reverent attitudes are called "respect", "respect", and "respect", and even "respect" and "worship" attitudes are shown for masters, celebrities, etc.

Although the most basic meaning of words such as "respect", "respect", "respect", "respect", "respect", "worship" is "respect", which can be regarded as synonyms or close synonyms, but it will be different because of the "degree of respect" , with different variations and using different words.

In the English context, the words used for "respect" will also be different. The most commonly used word is "respect", but there are also "reverence", "homage", "esteem", "veneration", etc. Compared with Chinese, these English words use different vocabulary because of different factors such as "degree of respect", "object" and "formal usage". The following will start from the etymology of the word and Origin and other information, let's discuss and interpret the differences in detail for readers!

2 word discussion

In English, there are many words that can represent "respect" and "respect", but each of them is different. Which word is more suitable? What is the origin and background of these words with similar meanings to respect and respect? The following is a detailed explanation of words that have the same meaning as or similar to "respect" or "respect" after translating English into Chinese.

2.1 respect

  "respect (IPA[rɪˈspekt]) (DJ[riˋspekt]) (KK[rɪˋspɛkt]) The word itself was originally derived from the Latin word "rēspicere", and it may have been introduced into Middle English through Old French until around 1300-1350 AD. In terms of structure, the word "respect" is an English vocabulary composed of the English prefix "re-" and the English root "spect". The meanings of the composition are:

  1. English prefix "re-"Equivalent to "again" and "back" in English, which means "again" and "repeatedly" in Chinese.
  2. English root "spect"Equivalent to "see" and "look" in English, which means "see" in Chinese, is derived from the Latin word "specere". In addition, there is a Latin word "spectare" which refers to "watch" in English, which is different from "specere" which refers to "see" or "look".

Therefore, the word "respect" composed of the prefix "re-" and the root "spect", from the morpheme of the literal composition, means "to see repeatedly" and "to see again and again", while The ancients would watch and observe repeatedly for the things they "respect", so "respect" has "respect","Respect"mean.

In addition, "respect" as a noun not only has the meaning of "respect" and "respect", but also the meaning of "care" (repeatedly paying attention to something), "aspect", "concern" (repeatedly thinking about something), etc.; In addition to the meaning of "respect" and "respect", the verbs also have the meanings of "concern", "importance", "about", etc., which are also related to "repeatedly", "repeatedly", "Look and see" related. However, the word "respect" is most commonly used to mean "respect" and "respect", and it is usually an equal and two-way state between the two parties. Inside.

The composition and etymology of the English word "respect"
structure respect
composition



morpheme
re- + view = respect

spec, spec

〔Variation〕spic

type prefix radical word
mean English again, back see, look watch (n.), (v.) respect
Chinese
again; repeatedly look (n.) Respect; concern; aspects; concerns (repeatedly looking around)
(v.) respect; concern; attention; about
etymology morpheme re- specere spectacle rēspicere  
type prefix word word
language English Latin Latin > (Old French) > Middle English (1300–1350)

In addition, in addition to the word "respect" has many meanings and interpretations, and can be used as a noun and a verb at the same time, there are many similar words with changes. The following sorts out the common changes and differences of "respect" for readers Conjugate words, uses, variations, and combinations related to "respect" can also be understood:

  • respected:(adj.) Respected, respected.
    • "-ed" is the suffix of an English adjective, mostly followed by a noun, meaning "with" or "full of".
    • If "-ed" is followed by a verb, it means a passive state, and it can also be used as an adjective, so "respect" literally means "respected", that is, "respected, respected".
    • "respect" happens to have both noun and verb parts of speech, so the above two statements can just explain "respected".
  • respectable: (adj.) respectable; (n.) respectable person.
    • "-able" is the suffix of an English adjective, which means "capable" and "suitable". The nouns modified in front have a passive meaning.
  • respectably : (adv.) respectfully, noblely.
    • "-ly" is the suffix of an English adverb, most of which are attached to the back of an adjective, meaning "...to".
    • The adverb form of the adjective "respectable" isforFor "respectably", "le" must be removed and "ly" added.
  • respectful: (adj.) Respectful, respectful.
    • "-ful" is an adjective suffix in English, which is mostly added after nouns to express the meaning of "full".
  • respectfully: (adv.) Respectfully.
    • "-ly" is the suffix of an English adverb, most of which are attached to the back of an adjective, meaning "...to".
    • The adverb form of the adjective "respectful" isfor"respectfully", just add "ly".
  • disrespect: (n.), (v.) Disrespect, disrespect, contempt.
    • "dis-" is an English prefix, and other variants include "de-", "des-", "di-", "dif", and "s-", which are equivalent to "apart" and "away" in English , "not", derived from the Latin word "duo" (equivalent to the English word "two"), the original meaning is "divided into two", so "removal" and "deprivation" are derived from "separation" , "oppose", "deny" and other meanings are also important prefixes to strengthen the tone.
  • relative: (adj.) Separate, respective.
    • "-ive" is an adjective suffix.
    • "Respective" has nothing to do with "respect". It may mean "separate and respective" extended from "respect for each and each will".
  • respectively: (adv.) Separately, separately.
    • "-ly" is the suffix of an English adverb, most of which are attached to the back of an adjective, meaning "...to".
    • The adverb form of the adjective "respective" isforFor "respectively", just add "ly".
  • respecting: (prep.) About, in respect of.
    • "Respecting" has nothing to do with "respect". It may mean "about" and "in respect" extended from "respecting a certain level".
    • "respecting" is an older usage, and "respecting" is more commonly used todaywith respect to","in respect of」。
  • self-respecting: (adj.) Self-respecting, self-respecting.
    • "self-respecting" is a compound word consisting of two words "self" and "respecting", and "-" must be added in the middle.
    • "self" means "self", "self" or "self".
  • with respect:(ph.) With respect, with deliberation.

2.2 reverence

  "reverence (IPA [ˈrevərəns]) (DJ[ˋrevərəns]) (KK[ˋrɛvərəns]) The word itself was originally derived from the Latin word "reverentia", and was introduced into Middle English around 1250 to 1300 AD, and finally became the word "reverence" in modern English. Structurally speaking, the word "reverence" is an English vocabulary composed of the verb "revere" plus the English noun suffix "-ence".English prefixThe composition of "re-" and the English root "vere" has the following meanings:

  1. The English verb "revere" is made up of two parts:
    1. English prefix "re-"Equivalent to "again" and "back" in English words,The Chinese meaning of "again", "repeat" and so on.
    2. Root "vere"Equivalent to the English word "fear", which means "fear", "fear", "awe", "worry", etc. in Chinese, and is derived from the Latin word "verērī".
  2. The English suffix "-ence" is used to indicate the suffix that makes a word an "abstract noun". And "-ence" is the same as "-ency", and the original suffix looks are "-ance" and "-ancy".

Therefore, the word "reverence" composed of the prefix "re-", the root "vere" and the ending "-ence", from the perspective of the morpheme formed literally, means "repeatedly feeling afraid, frightened". , the look of awe", "reverence" also has the meaning of "awe from the heart", that is, "respect, awe".

However, because the etymology of "reverence" contains "fear, fear, awe" in it, compared with the single word "respect" introduced in the previous paragraph, "reverence" contains more "personal awe" ", "respect" has a higher degree, so it is often translated into "respect" or "respect".

The composition and etymology of the English word "reverence"
structure
revere
 
  reverence
composition
morpheme re- + vere = revere + -ence = reverence
type prefix radical word suffix word
mean

English again, back fear (v.) revere (Table "abstract noun" suffix) (n.) reverence
Chinese

again; repeatedly fear; dread; awe; fear (v.) to respect; reverence (awe) (n.) reverence, reverence, reverence, dignity, prestige
(v.) to reverence, reverence; reverence
etymology morpheme re- verērī

reverērī

-ance, -ancy

〔Variation〕-ence, -ency

reverentia

 

type prefix word word suffix word
language English Latin

Latin (1655–1665)

English Latin >

Middle English (1250–1300)

2.3 homage

  "homage (IPA[ˈhɒmɪdʒ]) (DJ[ˋhɔmidʒ]) (KK[ˋhɑmidʒ]) The word itself was originally derived from the Latin word "hominem", and passed through the ancient French word "(h)ome man", until it was introduced into the Middle English word "(h)omage" around 1250 to 1300 AD , and finally evolved into the word "homage" in modern English. The word "homage" is structurally derived from the English root "humanus", "????", "hom" or the prefix "????-", and the English suffix "-age". The meanings of the formed English vocabulary are as follows:

  1. The "hom" in the word "homage" may have two origins:
    1. If it is regarded as a root, there may be two situations:
      1. Probably from the Latin word "humanus",Equivalent to the English word "human", which means "human being" in Chinese.
      2. Probably derived from the Latin word "????" (or the variant "hom"), which is equivalent to the English word "man", which means "person" in Chinese.
    2. If it is regarded as a prefix, it comes from the "????-" of the English prefix, which means the same as the English word "man", and the Chinese meaning is "person".
  2. The English suffix "-age" is used to indicate the suffix that makes a single word a "collective noun".

Therefore, the word "homage" composed of the initial or root "hom" and the English suffix "-age", from the morpheme formed literally, means "the appearance of gathering many people" In ancient times, emperors or rulers would find ways to make the people respect him very much, so that the people could gather in their territory or country, so the ruler can gather everyone together, which means "respect".

In addition, although "homage" can be translated as "respect" and "respect", its degree of "respect" is actually higher than that of "respect" and "reverence", and it is mainly for "rulers" ( ruler)'s "respect, worship" (has "loyalty"), so it is also translated into "loyalty", "surrender" and other meanings.

The composition and etymology of the English word "homage"
structure homage
composition
morpheme hom + -age = homage
type radical prefix suffix word
mean English the human the man the man (Table "collective noun" suffix) (n.) homage
Chinese
Humanity people people (n.) Respect; reverence; reverence; allegiance; submission
etymology morpheme humanus

????

Variant]hom

????- -aticum hominem > (h)ome man >

(h) omage

type word prefix suffix word
language Latin English Latin Latin > Old French >

Middle English (1250–1300)

2.4 esteem

  "esteem (IPA[ɪˈstiːm]) (DJ[isˋti:m]) (KK[ɪsˋtim]) The word itself was originally derived from the Latin word "aestimā" (meaning "evaluation" in Latin), and passed through the Middle French word "estimer" until it was introduced into the late Middle English around 1400-1450 AD The word "estemen" eventually evolved into the modern English word "esteem", which also extended the meaning of "respect" or "respect", which is more affectionate but more formal.

The composition and etymology of the English word "esteem"
structure esteem
composition
morpheme esteem
type word
mean


English (n.), (v.) esteem
Chinese

(n.) respect, respect; evaluation; opinion; value
(v.) to respect, to respect; to cherish; to regard as
etymology morpheme aestimā > estimer >

estemen

type word
language Latin > Middle French >

Late Middle English (1400–1450)

2.5 Veneration

  "veneration (IPA[ˌvenəˈreɪʃn]) (DJ[͵venəˋreiʃən]) (KK[͵vɛnəˋreʃən]) The word itself was originally derived from the Latin root "venerātiōn-" (the root of the Latin word "venerātiō"), until it was introduced into the later Middle English around 1400-1450 AD, and finally evolved into the modern English word "veneration". In terms of structure, the word "veneration" is composed of the English verb "venerate" plus the English noun suffix "-tion", and the "venerate" is composed of the English root "vener-" and the English noun. The meanings of the English words formed by the suffix "-ate" are as follows:

  1. The English verb "venerate" is made up of two parts:
    1. The English root "vener-" is equivalent to the English word "worship", "revere" or "desire", and the Chinese meaning is "worship", "respect" or "desire".
    2. The English suffix "-ate" is a suffix that makes a word a verb.
  2. The English suffix "-tion" means "behavior" and "process", and turns the word into an "abstract noun".

The Latin word related to "vener-" is "Venus" (it is also an English word, also derived from this), which is the god of love and beauty in ancient Roman mythology, and also the goddess of fertility and navigation. "—corresponding to the god "Aphrodite" (Greek: Αφροδίτη, Latin: Aphrodite) in Greek mythology——the worship of Venus was very popular in ancient Rome during the empire period, even Julius Caesar respected Venus as the ancestor of the Romans. So the root "vener-" originally meant "desire" (because Venus is the goddess of love and beauty), and later it was extended to mean "worship" and "respect".

Therefore, the word "veneration" composed of the prefix "vener-", the suffix "-ate" and the suffix "-tion" means "respect, respect" from the perspective of the morpheme formed literally. , but it was mentioned earlier that the root "vener-" andgoddess name"Venus" has a source connection, and it was first related to the worship of gods, so "veneration" is compared with the above-mentioned English words related to "respect".The respected object of "veneration" is "ancestor", "predecessor" or "ancestor", and it is more formal.

The composition and etymology of the English word "veneration"
structure venerate  
  veneration
composition

morpheme
Vener- + -ate = venerate + -tion = veneration
type prefix suffix word suffix word
mean
English worship, revere; desire (meaning verb endings) (v.) venerate (The suffix of "abstract noun" representing "behavior" and "process") (n.) veneration
Chinese
adoration; devotion; desire (v.) reverence, reverence; adoration (n.) respect; worship
etymology morpheme Vener- -atus venerātus -io venerātiōn-  
type prefix suffix word suffix radical
language Latin Latin Latin (1615–1625) Latin Latin > Late Middle English (1400–1450)

3 Conclusion

To sum up, although "respect" and "respect" in ChineseThe most commonly used, even if "respect", "respect", and "respect" are occasionally used to express different degrees, they are often used mixedly, and there is no strict distinction between objects and usage.

However, in the context of English, although words such as "respect", "reverence", "homage", "esteem" and "veneration" can be translated into Chinese as "respect", "respect", etc., the words The choice of use often varies due to factors such as "degree" of respect, "object" and "usage".

On the whole, the word "respect" is the most widely used, regardless of the object can be used, but it is two-way, mutual respect, less respectful tone and distinction; and ""reverence" has a higher degree of respect, and there is a feeling of personal awe; "homage" has a higher degree of respect, but the object is for the "ruler"; "esteem" is also a degree of respect, but it is a more formal usage, and With affection; as for "veneration", it also has a high degree of respect, but the object is usually aimed at "ancestors, predecessors, ancestors".

Finally, in the form of a table below, these few words related to "respect" or "respect" will be collected, and then the degree and size of various factors will be arranged in the form of inequality, so as to facilitate readers' integration and understanding. Compare.

Words for "respect" in English
English words literal meaning common meaning object usage usage frequency
respect watch again and again (n.) Respect; Care; Aspect; Concern unlimited General usage ★★★
(v.) respect; concern; attention; about
reverence repeated fear (n.) Respect, reverence, reverence; reverence; dignity; prestige unlimited General usage ★★☆
(v.) respect, respect, reverence; reverence
homage crowd gathering (n.) Respect, esteem, veneration, reverence; allegiance, submission ruler General usage ★★☆
esteem respect (n.) respect, respect; evaluation, opinion, value unlimited formal usage ★☆☆
(v.) to respect, to respect; to cherish; to regard as
veneration adoration; reverence; desire (n.) Respect, reverence; worship ancestors, predecessors, ancestors formal usage ★☆☆
  • The level of respect: veneration ≒ homage ≒ esteem > reverence > respect
  • The number of objects used: respect ≒ reverence ≒ esteem > homage ≒ veneration
  • Formality of usage: esteem ≒ veneration > respect ≒ reverence ≒ homage
  • The frequency of use: respect > reverence ≒ homage > esteem ≒ veneration
  • How many parts of speech are used: respect = reverence = esteem > homage = veneration

references

  1. Dictionary.com editor. <esteem>. Dictionary.com. (2020/3/30).
  2. Dictionary.com editor. <homage>. Dictionary.com. (2020/3/30).
  3. Dictionary.com editor. <respect>. Dictionary.com. (2020/3/30).
  4. Dictionary.com editor. <revere>. Dictionary.com. (2020/3/30).
  5. Dictionary.com editor. <reverence>. Dictionary.com. (2020/3/30).
  6. Dictionary.com editor. <veneration>. Dictionary.com. (2020/3/30).
  7. Yahoo! Kimo.Yahoo Kimo Dictionary. (2020/3/30).
  8. Minoru Tanaka (2001). <Respect>. "Differentiation and Analysis of English Synonyms", pp. 127-128. Taipei City: Sanmin Bookstore.
  9. Hi-square (2017). <A large collection of "respect" usages! Can you distinguish the English usage of "respect" clearly?>. Hi-square website. (2020/3/30).
  10. Ci Lin. <Esteem, homage, honour, respect, reverence>. Cilin online dictionary. (2020/3/30).
  11. Liu Yi (2018). "English root dictionary". Taipei City: Learning Press.
  12. Wikipedia Editor (2020), <Venus>. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. (2020/3/30).

update record

  1. 2022/05/18, multilingual version added.
  2. 2022/02/10, updated letters.



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