How do you say "Hello" in Taiwanese Hakka? Hakka greetings, greetings, greetings explanations

How do you say "Hello!", "Good morning!", "Long time no see!", "How are you?" in Hakka? In the Hakka language, what do the words "Satisfied?", "Ye Zao!", "Ye long time no look!", "Ye long good time?", etc. mean? This article will introduce in detail the common greetings and greetings in Hakka, so that readers know how to use Hakka to greet others.

1 Introduction

Greetings or greetings are ways of communicating between people to express awareness, concern, greetings, etc. The most common and simple greeting is "Hello!" Are you done?" to ask the other party if they have eaten, to express their concern and greetings, which is more humane than "Hi Hao!", and there is a similar word in Hakka language, "Satisfied?" What about caring?

In addition to simple greetings such as "Hello!", there are other greetings that change according to the time of day, such as "Good morning!", "Good afternoon" and "Good night" according to the morning, noon and evening of the day, Or for greetings such as "Long time no see!", "How are you lately?", etc., what's the meaning of the left line "Ye long time no see!" in the right line "Ye long time?" in the guest speech To show the Hakka style?

In addition, in addition to the above greetings and warm greetings when meeting each other, when the two parties want to say goodbye to each other, they will also say hello to each other. The easiest way is "goodbye", but apart from saying "goodbye" , if you want to show your enthusiasm or expect the other party to come again, you can invite the other party to "come again to play", but what do Hakka people expect when they say "Come here!"?

How to say the greetings, greetings, and greetings in the above-mentioned Hakka language? What is the literal meaning and actual usage? This article will explain in detail the different usages of each greeting in Hakka, so that readers know how to greet each other in a correct Hakka and Hakka-style way!

2 Scope of this article

This article only discusses the content of pleasantries, greetings, greetings, etc., and general life expressions (such as: please, thank you, sorry, you are welcome, etc.) are not included in the content of this article.

The phonetic symbols used in this article are "Taiwanese Hakka Pinyin Scheme", and the four counties add "phonetic symbols". Because the tones and pronunciation systems outside the four counties are more complicated, there are fewer learners who learn accents other than the four counties. , so the phonetic symbols are not marked for accents other than the Sixian accent.

There are many types of Hakka. This article refers to the discussion of the five common tones of Hakka in Taiwan (Sixian accent, Hailu accent, Dapu accent, Raoping accent, Zhao'an accent, and Nansixian accent), and Hakka accents of other types or accents. , and other greetings and ways, etc., are out of the scope of this article.

Finally, whether it is Hakka conversations other than greetings, or some explanations of phonetic symbols, and more Hakka information and content, you can refer to "How do you say it in Hakka?"The article has a complete explanation, as well as some basic knowledge of learning Hakka.

3 word parsing

How to say and use greetings in Hakka? The following will detail the greetings at different occasions such as meeting, different time, long time no see, farewell and congratulations.

3.1 Meet and Greet

Regardless of the language, greetings are the easiest and fastest way to say hello, such as "Hi!", "Hello!" in English, "Hi!", "Hello!" in English, or Chinese "Hello!", "Have you eaten enough?" These are all greetings that can be used when meeting people, regardless of personnel, time and place. The following introduces the common Hakka greetings "Hello!" ?”, and how to respond in Hakka.

3.1.1 Hakka words for "greeting others"

When meeting, the greeting method used in Chinese often uses the literal and easy-to-understand "Ni Hao!" as a greeting, but there is another way that makes people feel more humane to greet others' eating status, for example: "Have you eaten?" ?”, “Are you full?”, “Have you eaten yet?”, “Have you eaten?”, “Have you eaten yet?”, “Have you eaten yet?”, etc., although it seems to be a greeting Whether other people eat or not is often just a way of greeting people when they meet.

Greeting others in Hakka also has the same usage of greeting others' eating status. There are usually two ways: "Hello!" and "Satisfied?" , will explain the difference between the two, and why you should use "饮吂吂?".

31.1.1 Hello!

• Four county sounds:nˇ(ㄋˇ)⁽⁵⁵⁾ ho(ㄏㄛˋ)⁽³¹⁾  
• Hailuyin: ngi⁽⁵⁵⁾ ho'⁽²⁴⁾ 
• Tai Po pronunciation: hnˇ⁽¹¹³⁾ ho^⁽³¹⁾ 
• Rao Pingyin: ngi⁽⁵⁵⁾ ho⁽⁵³⁾ 
• Zhao'an sound: henˋ⁽⁵³⁾ hoo^⁽³¹⁾ 
• South four counties: nˇ⁽⁵⁵⁾ ho⁽³¹⁾ 

The word "Ni Hao" in Hakka is exactly the same as the word "Ni Hao" in Chinese, and the usage is almost the same. In addition, you can also use the question "How are you?" to ask the other party if they are doing well. However, the word "Ni Hao" in both Chinese and Hakka feels more formal than "Hello" (Hello) and "Hi" (Hi) translated from English into Chinese, so the word "Hi" in Hakka is more intimate. The statement usually uses the term "饮鐂吂", please refer to the next paragraph of this article for details.

3.1.1.2 Are you full?

• Four county sounds:siid(ㄙ ㄉ)⁽⁵⁾ bau(ㄅㄚㄨˋ)((ㄅㄠˋ))⁽³¹⁾ mangˇ(ㄇ ㄚ ㄫˇ)((ㄇㄤˇ))⁽¹¹⁾ 
• Hailuyin: shidˋ⁽²⁾ bau'⁽²⁴⁾ mang⁽⁵⁵⁾ 
• Tai Po sound: shidˋ⁽⁵⁴⁾ bau^⁽³¹⁾ mangˇ⁽¹¹³⁾ 
• Rao Pingyin: shed⁽⁵⁾ bau⁽⁵³⁾ mangˇ⁽¹¹⁾ 
• Zhao'an sound: shiedˋ⁽⁴³⁾ bau^⁽³¹⁾ mangˇ⁽¹¹⁾ 
• South four counties: siid⁽⁵⁾ bau⁽³¹⁾ mangˇ⁽¹¹⁾ 

Compared with the word "Ni Hao", the word "Satisfied?" is usually used in Hakka language as a greeting and a word of greeting. Although the actual meaning is similar to that of "Ni Hao", but Context is different.

The word "shi" means "to eat"; the word "full" literally means "full," or "the feeling of being full, full, and full of food"; the word "吂" in classical Chinese refers to It means "to make people ask but refuse to answer, unwilling, ignorant, old and dull", etc., but in Hakka it means "not yet, not yet" (for example: "吂有"). So "食吂吂?" The whole sentence is literally translated into Chinese as "Are you full?", which means "Are you full?".

When meeting people, Chinese sometimes ask "Are you full?", "Have you eaten?", "Have you eaten?", "Have you eaten?" Are you full?" (tsia̍h-pá–buē),"Food not yet? "Wait for greetings, although it literally refers to asking whether the other person has eaten, or asking if the other person is full, but it is actually a greeting when meeting someone. This is because the early or ancient At that time, "food is the most important thing for the people". In the era of insufficient food and clothing, survival is the first thing. Therefore, asking about other people's food status is used as a greeting when meeting others, and these languages just happen to carry This cultural and historical context.

In short, although the literal understanding of "吃鐂吂" is to ask others if they are full, but the actual use in Hakka is to greet others when they meet, and it can even be better than "Ni Hao". It is also a traditional and commonly used saying to show more feelings and contexts such as kindness and concern. By the way, the person who is greeted with "I am full?" can answer the other party with "I am full!" in the Hakka language. Literally, the answer is "I am full!" a response. In addition, some people say, "Are you full?".

3.1.2 Hakka words for "answer greeting"

In addition to when the other party greets yourself with "Hello!", you can also greet the other party directly with "Hello!", if the other party asks and greets yourself with "How are you?" or "Have you eaten?" There will be a corresponding reply method, and the following will explain how to answer the other party's greetings!

3.1.2.1 Hello!

When someone says "Hi!" to you, you can also respond with "Hi!"

3.1.2.2 Be good! Ye carefully / be good! Thank you / cover! thanks!

When the other party says "How are you?" to ourselves, we can use "I'm fine! Thank you." to answer the other party, first answer the other party with "I'm fine", and then express "Thank you" concern for each other. Hakka also has a similar method, but it is customary to use different vocabulary because of different Hakka accents.

The word "Dang" has many pronunciations, parts of speech and meanings in both Chinese and Hakka, but the word "Dang" in the word "Dang Hao" in Hakka refers to the meaning of "very, very" , so "Danghao" means "very good, very good", and it can be used in four counties, Hailu, Dapu, and Raoping. The word "Gai" also has many meanings in Chinese and Hakka, but in the word "Gaihao", it means "very, very", which is the same as "Dang", but it is commonly used in the four southern counties. As for Zhao'an, the word "really good" is used.

Words such as "恁秀心", "Thank you" and "Thank you" all mean "thank you". "You", "Lao Li" in Da Po, "Labor" in Zhao'an, "Thank you" in Nansi County, etc. Since there are many words of "Thank you" in different accents, for detailed reasons, situations, pronunciation and explanations, please refer to <How do you say "thank you" in Taiwanese Hakka?〉One article, there are detailed teaching.

Therefore, when the other party says "How are you?" to yourself, you can answer the other party with different accents, "Good job! Be careful", "Good job! Thank you", "Great! Thank you!" and so on.

3.1.2.3 Eat enough! / I'm full! /Satisfied!

• The sound of the four counties: 食吔吔 (eˇ⁽¹¹⁾)!
• Hailuyin: Satisfied (leˋ⁽⁵³⁾)!
• Tai Po sound: full of food (le+⁽³³⁾)!
• Rao Pingyin: I am full (leˋ⁽⁵³⁾)!
• Zhao Anyin: I am full (aˇ⁽¹¹⁾)!
• South four counties: full of food (eˊ⁽²⁴⁾)!

When the other party asks oneself in the Hakka language, "Is it full?", you can reply that the other party is full. According to different accents, there are "full food!" in the four counties of the North and the four counties of the South, Hailu, Dapu and Raoping's "Food is full!", and Zhao'an's "Food is full."

In addition, you can add the word "[亻岩]" in front of "食吔吔/啊/啊!" to become "[亻川]食吔吔／啦/啊!" to express "I'm full!" .

3.2 Hour Greetings

The above paragraphs introduce greetings that can be used regardless of time (for example: "Hello!", "Have you eaten?", etc.), but if you want to make more appropriate care and greetings for different time periods, you can use them according to the time of day. Greetings corresponding to morning, noon, and evening, let's introduce how to say "good morning", "good afternoon" and "good night" in Hakka!

3.2.1 Hakka words for "morning / good morning / good morning"

When meeting people in the morning, Chinese can use "Morning!", "Morning!" (more commonly used in Taiwan), "Good morning!" (more commonly used in Chinese areas outside Taiwan), etc. to express a good start to each other's day. Hello!" It also means to have a good morning time. There are different sayings in Hakka because of different accents,The words used to express morning greetings in Sixian, Hailu, Dapu, Raoping, and Nansi counties are "恁早!",andZhao'an said, "[Ao Li] is early!".

3.2.1.1 Good morning!

• Four county sounds:an(ㄚㄋˋ)((ㄢˋ))⁽³¹⁾ zo(ㄗㄛˋ)⁽³¹⁾ 
• Hailuyin: anˊ⁽²⁴⁾ zo'⁽²⁴⁾ 
• Tai Po pronunciation: an^⁽³¹⁾ zo^⁽³¹⁾ 
• Rao Pingyin: anˋ⁽⁵³⁾ zo⁽⁵³⁾ 
• South four counties: anˋ⁽³¹⁾ zo⁽³¹⁾ 

The phonetic symbol of the Chinese pronunciation of "恁" is "ㄖㄣˋ", and the Chinese pinyin is "rèn". When used as a verb, it means "thinking, reading". There are four meanings such as such, such, and how; however, when the word "恁" is pronounced as the phonetic symbol "ㄋㄧㄣˊ" or the Chinese pinyin "nín", it is used as the second person; but "恁" The meaning of the word in the Hakka language is roughly "such, such, such, very" (see also <ye carefully> the interpretation and usage of "恁" in the article).

Therefore, the Hakka word "恁早" literally means "very early". As the saying goes, "the early bird catches the worm", when greeting someone who got up early, it is used to express "good morning", or "early!" in Chinese.

3.2.1.2 [Ao Li] Good morning!

• Zhao'an sound: ngauˋ⁽⁵³⁾ zoo^⁽³¹⁾ 

"? ([Ao Li]) early!" is used by Zhao'an, which is similar to "Good morning!" in Chinese,Other Taiwan"恁早!" in Hakka accent has the same meaning and usage.

"?" (most computer versions can be displayed normally, but the mobile version may not be displayed normally and there will be a rectangular missing character) is a character, with the character "Ao" on the top and the character "Li" at the bottom, but because web pages are prone to missing characters, Therefore, "[Ao Li]" is often used as a substitute word. The phonetic symbol of the Chinese pronunciation is "ㄏㄠˊ", the Chinese pinyin is "háo", which means "strong" and "healthy", and the Hakka language means "competent"; so "? ([Ao Li]) Zao" literally The upper meaning is "able to get up early", and it is actually a term used to greet others, which is equivalent to "good morning!"

In addition, Zhao'an Hakka (called Zhao'an accent in Taiwan) is also known as Hokkien Hakka, which originated from Zhao'an County, Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province. Hokkien is the main language in Fujian, so Zhao'an Hakka has some contact with Hokkien , and there are many cognate words, for example, the word "? ([Ao Li]) early" is a common vocabulary of Zhao'an Hakka and Hokkien, and the pronunciation of Taiwanese Hokkien Roman characters is "gâu‑tsá", phonetic The symbol is "ㆣㄠˊㄗㄚˋ".

3.2.1.3 Do you eat at night? / Do you have enough food in the morning? / Do you eat breakfast?

• Sixian Yin: Do you eat in the morning? (nˇ⁽¹¹⁾ siid⁽⁵⁾ zeu'⁽²⁴⁾ mangˇ⁽¹¹⁾)
• Hailuyin: Do you eat Chaoyang? (ngi⁽⁵⁵⁾ shid⁽²⁾ zhauˋ⁽⁵³⁾ mang⁽⁵⁵⁾)
• Tai Po Voice: Do you eat at the court? (hnˇ⁽¹¹³⁾ shid⁽⁵⁴⁾ zheu+(33) mangˇ⁽¹¹³⁾)
• Rao Pingyin: Do you eat in the morning? (ngi⁽⁵⁵⁾ shed⁽⁵⁾ zhauˇ⁽¹¹⁾ mangˇ⁽¹¹⁾)
• Zhao Anyin: Do you eat breakfast? (hen⁽⁵³⁾ shied⁽⁴³⁾ cin⁽⁵³⁾ zoo^⁽³¹⁾ mangˇ⁽¹¹⁾)
• South four counties: Do you have enough food in the morning? (zeuˊ⁽²⁴⁾ Siinˇ⁽¹¹⁾ siid⁽⁵⁾ bau⁽³¹⁾ e⁽³¹⁾ moˇ⁽¹¹⁾)

The word "chao" means "morning" in Chinese, but in the Hakka language, in addition to "morning", it can also extend the meaning of "breakfast". It means "breakfast".

In the previous paragraphs of this article, it was mentioned that "Shi" means "eat", and "吂" means "not yet, not yet", so "You Shi Chao Hu?" literally means "Have you had breakfast?", But it can also be used as a "good morning" greeting.

And the person who is greeted with "Are you hungry?" can answer the other party with "Satisfied / la / ah!"

In addition, the four northern counties, Hailu, Dapu, and Rao usually use "Do you eat morning?" in Zhao'an, and the four southern counties often use "Are you full in the morning?".

3.2.2 Hakka words for "Good afternoon / Good afternoon"

When meeting people at noon and afternoon, Chinese can use "午安!" (more commonly used in Taiwan), "Good afternoon!" (more commonly used in Chinese areas outside Taiwan) to express greetings, but in fact Hakka is rarely used .

3.2.2.1 Good afternoon

• Four county sounds:ngˋ(ㄫˋ)((ㆭˋ))⁽³¹⁾ on'(ㄛㄋˊ)((ㄛㄣˊ))⁽²⁴⁾
• Hailuyin: ngˊ⁽²⁴⁾ on⁽⁵³⁾
• Tai Po pronunciation: ng^⁽³¹⁾ on+⁽³³⁾
• Rao Pingyin: ngˋ⁽⁵³⁾ on⁽¹¹⁾
• Zhao'an sound: m^⁽³¹⁾ on⁽¹¹⁾
• South four counties: ngˋ⁽³¹⁾ on'⁽²⁴⁾

3.2.2.2 Are you full for the day?

• Four county sounds:siid(ㄙ ㄉ)⁽⁵⁾ bau(ㄅㄚㄨˋ)((ㄅㄠˋ))⁽³¹⁾ zu⁽⁵⁵⁾ mangˇ⁽¹¹⁾
• Hailuyin: shidˋ⁽²⁾ bau'⁽²⁴⁾ zhiuˇ⁽¹¹⁾ mang⁽⁵⁵⁾
• Tai Po sound: shidˋ⁽⁵⁴⁾ bau^⁽³¹⁾ zhiu⁽⁵³⁾ mangˇ⁽¹¹³⁾
• Rao Pingyin: shed⁽⁵⁾ bau⁽⁵³⁾ zhiu⁽⁵³⁾ mangˇ⁽¹¹⁾
• Zhao'an sound: shiedˋ⁽⁴³⁾ bau^⁽³¹⁾ zhiu^⁽³¹⁾ mangˇ⁽¹¹⁾
• South four counties: siid⁽⁵⁾ bau⁽³¹⁾ zu⁽⁵⁵⁾ mangˇ⁽¹¹⁾

The word "周" means "day" in Chinese, but in the Hakka language, besides "day", it also means "Chinese food", "late, late", "noon" and so on. Huh? "The "day" in it refers to "Chinese food".

In the previous paragraphs of this article, it was mentioned that "shi" means "eat", and "吂" means "not yet, not yet", so "食食日吂?" literally means "Have you eaten lunch?", but It can actually be used as a "good afternoon" greeting.

And the person who is greeted with "Satisfied?" can reply with "Satiated / Lie / Ah!".

In addition, in addition to "食吃日吂?", you can also greet "食千日吔?", which literally means "Have you had lunch yet?".

3.2.3 Hakka words for "good night / good evening"

In ancient rural society, people usually rest at sunset, and there is less communication at night, so Hakka ancestors seldom greeted each other at night, so Hakka seldom used words to say good night to each other. On the contrary, in modern society with electric lights, people also go to bed late to have the habit of greeting at night.

3.2.3.1 Dark Security

• Four county sounds:am(ㄚ ㄇ)((ㆰ/))⁽⁵⁵⁾ on'(ㄛㄋˊ)((ㄛㄣˊ))⁽²⁴⁾
• Hailuyin: amˇ⁽¹¹⁾ on⁽⁵³⁾
• Tai Po sound: amˋ⁽⁵³⁾ on+⁽³³⁾
• Rao Pingyin: amˋ⁽⁵³ on⁽¹¹⁾
• Zhao'an sound: am^⁽³¹⁾ on⁽¹¹⁾
• South four counties: am⁽⁵⁵⁾ on'⁽²⁴⁾

The word "dark" means dark and not bright, so it is extended to refer to night. In addition, the Hokkien good night also uses the word "Dark An".

3.2.3.2 Full night?

• Four county sounds:siid(ㄙ ㄉ)(5) bau(ㄅㄚㄨˋ)((ㄅㄠˋ))⁽³¹⁾ ia⁽⁵⁵⁾ mangˇ⁽¹¹⁾
• Hailuyin: shidˋ⁽²⁾ bau'⁽²⁴⁾ rha+⁽³³⁾ mang⁽⁵⁵⁾
• Tai Po sound: shidˋ⁽⁵⁴⁾ bau^⁽³¹⁾ rha⁽⁵³⁾ mangˇ⁽¹¹³⁾
• Rao Pingyin: shed⁽⁵⁾ bau⁽⁵³⁾ rhia'⁽²⁴⁾ mangˇ⁽¹¹⁾
• Zhao'an sound: shiedˋ⁽⁴³⁾ bau^⁽³¹⁾ rhia⁽⁵⁵⁾ mangˇ⁽¹¹⁾
• South four counties: siid⁽⁵⁾ bau⁽³¹⁾ ia⁽⁵⁵⁾ mangˇ⁽¹¹⁾

The word "Ye" means "evening" in Chinese, but "Ye" in "Satiating Night" in Hakka can be used to mean "dinner".

In the previous paragraphs of this article, it was mentioned that "shi" means "eat", and "吂" means "not yet, not yet", so "食食夜吂?" literally means "Have you had dinner?", but It can actually be used as a "good night" greeting.

And the person who is greeted with "Satisfied night?" can reply with "Satisfied / la / ah!".

In addition, in addition to "Have you eaten all night?", you can also greet with "Have you eaten all night?", "Have you eaten all night?", which literally means "Have you had dinner yet?".

3.3 Long-lost greetings

When you meet someone you haven’t seen for a long time, you will most often directly say “Long time no see!” to express that you are happy to see the other person after not seeing you for a while, and then you may ask the other person’s current life situation with “How are you lately?” To show concern. The following will introduce how these two expressions are used in Hakka.

3.3.1 Hakka expressions for "Long time no see"

In Taiwanese Hakka, there are two ways to express "Long time no see!" because of different accents.Sixian, Hailu, Dapu, Nansi counties and other accents use "I haven't looked at you for a long time!",andRaoping and Zhao'an often use "恁久久䀴着!", the difference in wording is "kan" and "䀴", both of which mean "kan". The following will introduce these two different Hakka expressions.

3.3.1.1 Ye long time no look!

• Four county sounds:an(ㄚㄋˋ)((ㄢˋ))⁽³¹⁾ giu(ㄍㄧㄨˋ)(　)⁽³¹⁾ moˇ(ㄇ ㄛ ˇ)(　)⁽¹¹⁾ kon(ㄎㄛㄋ)((ㄎㄛㄣ))⁽⁵⁵⁾ do(ㄉㄛˋ)(　)⁽³¹⁾
• Hailuyin: anˊ⁽²⁴⁾ giuˊ⁽²⁴⁾ mo⁽⁵⁵⁾ konˇ⁽¹¹⁾ do'⁽²⁴⁾
• Tai Po pronunciation: an^⁽³¹⁾ giu^⁽³¹⁾ moˇ⁽¹¹³⁾ kon⁽⁵³⁾ do^⁽³¹⁾
• South four counties: anˋ⁽³¹⁾ giu⁽³¹⁾ moˇ⁽¹¹⁾ kon⁽⁵⁵⁾ do⁽³¹⁾

The word "恁" is mentioned in the above-mentioned "恁早" chapter. The word "恁" means "very" in Hakka, so "恁久" means "long time"; the word "无" means "no". , "Don't", "Not", etc.; the word "Zhe" means that the action has already had a result or success, which is equivalent to the Chinese word "到" (for example: do, think, get), so "watch" The word means "to see, to see". Therefore, the literal meaning of the whole sentence is "Long time no see!", and the fluent Chinese way of speaking is "Long time no see!". In addition, Raoping and Zhao'an Hakka words use "恁久无䀴作!", please refer to the next paragraph for details.

3.3.1.2 It's been a long time!

• Rao Pingyin: anˋ⁽⁵³⁾ giu⁽⁵³⁾ mo⁽⁵⁵⁾ ngiangˋ⁽⁵³⁾ do⁽⁵³⁾
• Zhao'an sound: ngin^⁽³¹⁾ giu^⁽³¹⁾ mo⁽⁵³⁾ ngiang^⁽³¹⁾ choo⁽⁵⁵⁾

"恁久久䀴着!" is used by Raoping and Zhao'an, and is similar to the Chinese "Long time no see!",Other TaiwanThe meaning and usage of "恁久不看！" in a Hakka accent are the same.

"䀴" is a character, the left side is "目" and the right side is "巠". However, because web pages are prone to missing characters, some web pages or information often use "[目巠]" as the code word, but According to the author's test, "䀴" can be displayed normally on the web pages of computers and mobile phones, so the following content in this article uses the original characters instead of the dai characters.

The word "䀴" means "look directly" or "look at the appearance". The pronunciations of Hailu, Dapu, Raoping, and Zhao'an are respectively: ngiangˊ⁽²⁴⁾, ngiang^⁽³¹⁾, ngiangˋ⁽⁵³⁾, ngiang^⁽³¹⁾, Sihai does not use this word.

In short, "Long time no see!" The more commonly used term in Raoping and Zhao'an accents is "恁久无䀴作!" Here, "恁久" means "long time", and "无" means " No", "䀴着" means "see", which literally means "I haven't seen it for a long time!", which means "Long time no see!".

3.3.2 Hakka expressions for "How are you lately?"

When people meet again after a long time no see, in addition to using "Long time no see!" as a simple greeting, you can also go a step further by greeting others "How are you?" Most of the Hakka language uses "Ye Jiu Hao Wu?", only Zhao'an Hakka uses "Is this station good?", which will be explained below.

3.3.2.1 How long has it been?

• Four county sounds:an(ㄚㄋˋ)((ㄢˋ))⁽³¹⁾ giu(ㄍㄧㄨˋ)⁽³¹⁾ ho(ㄏㄛˋ)⁽³¹⁾ moˇ(ㄇ ㄛ ˇ)⁽¹¹⁾  
• Hailuyin: anˊ⁽²⁴⁾ giuˊ⁽²⁴⁾ ho'⁽²⁴⁾ mo⁽⁵⁵⁾ 
• Tai Po pronunciation: an^⁽³¹⁾ giu^⁽³¹⁾ ho^⁽³¹⁾ moˇ⁽¹¹³⁾ 
• Rao Pingyin: anˋ⁽⁵³⁾ giu⁽⁵³⁾ ho⁽⁵³⁾ mo⁽⁵⁵⁾ 
• South four counties: anˋ⁽³¹⁾ giu⁽³¹⁾ ho⁽³¹⁾ moˇ⁽¹¹⁾ 

"恁久" has been explained in detail as "for a long time" in "恁久不看！" in the above paragraph, but the word "恁久" also has another meaning in the Hakka language of "recently, recently" , it is more appropriate to use "recently, recently" in "Have you been so long?" If this word is placed at the end of a sentence, it expresses a questioning tone, which is equivalent to the Chinese word "呵" and its usage; so the Hakka saying "恁久好无?" The whole sentence means "how are you recently?" .

3.3.2.2 Is this site good?

• Zhao'an sound: liˊ⁽²⁴⁾ cam⁽⁵⁵⁾ hoo^⁽³¹⁾ mo⁽⁵³⁾ 

"Is this station good?" is used in Zhao'an accent, which is similar to the Chinese "how is it?" andOther TaiwanThe meaning and usage of "恁久好无" in Hakka accent are the same.

If "this" is a demonstrative pronoun, it refers to a nearby person, thing, time or place; Small units established in various places", but in Hakka and Hokkien, in addition to "places for temporary stay, rest, etc.", it also means a period of time or a distance. "This station" refers to the latter, that is, The meaning of "a while"; therefore "this station" literally means "this time", which means "recently". So "How is this station?" The literal meaning of the whole sentence is "How are you these days?", which means "How are you recently?".

In addition, "[Ao Li] Zao!" in the preceding paragraph mentioned that Zhao'an Hakka is also known as Hokkien Hakka, and has many common words with Hokkien, and Taiwan Hokkien also uses "this station" (tsit-tsām ／ㄐㄧㆵㄗㆰ˫／ㄐㄧㆵㄗㄚㄇ˫) has the same meaning as "recently" and cognate words, while "recently" is used in other Chinese words such as "this time" and "this time". "A while" and "this array" (tsit-tsūn/ㄐㄧㆵㄗㄨㄣ˫) in Hokkien also have the same meaning and the logic of the word "this".

3.4 Say goodbye

The above paragraphs have finished talking about the greetings and greetings when meeting. If there is a meeting, there will be a parting. The most direct and simple way in Chinese is to say "goodbye". But if you really look forward to seeing each other again, you can ask to meet again Invitations, such as "Come again next time!", "Next time we go together ○ ○ ○", etc. Hakka also has a similar way, especially in just three words "Come on!" Let’s not forget the feelings of invitation, let’s introduce the farewell words in Hakka below!

3.4.1 Hakka words for "goodbye"

Hakka generally has the usage of "zhenglai 尞" and "goodbye", which will be explained in detail below.

3.4.1.1 Here we come!

• Four county sounds:zang(ㄗ ㄚ ㄫ)((ㄗㄤ))⁽⁵⁵⁾ loi(ㄌㄛㄧˇ)(　)⁽¹¹⁾ liau(ㄌㄧㄚㄨ)((ㄌㄧㄠ))⁽⁵⁵⁾ 
• Hailuyin: zhangˇ⁽¹¹⁾ loi⁽⁵⁵⁾ liau⁽³³⁾+ 
• Tai Po sound: zhangˋ⁽⁵³⁾ loi⁽¹¹³⁾ liau⁽⁵³⁾ 
• Rao Pingyin: zhangˋ⁽⁵³⁾ loi⁽⁵⁵⁾ liau'⁽²⁴⁾ 
• Zhao'an sound: zhang^⁽³¹⁾ loi⁽⁵³⁾ leeu⁽⁵⁵⁾ 
• South four counties: zang⁽⁵⁵⁾ loi⁽¹¹⁾ liau⁽⁵⁵⁾ 

The word "正" has two pronunciations in Chinese. The phonetic symbol is "ㄓㄥˋ", and the Chinese pinyin is "zhèng". ", "distinguish" and so on, the adverbs mean "just right" and "the state of action again", and the nouns mean "the person in charge"; if you read the phonetic symbol "ㄓㄥ" or the Chinese pinyin "zhēng , which is used for the word "first month". And the word "正" happens to have two pronunciations in Hakka. Taking the Sixian dialect as an example, pronounce "zang⁽⁵⁵⁾"When there are meanings such as "again", "correct", "just now", "standard", "only", "proper, possible", etc., read "ziin⁽⁵⁵⁾"It has the meanings of "right", "fairness", "punishment" and "upright". The "zheng" in the word "zhenglaiji" refers to the meaning of "again".

The phonetic symbol of the Chinese pronunciation of "尞" is "ㄌㄧㄠˊ", and the Chinese pinyin is "liáo". However, the word "尞" means "leisure, chat, play" in the Hakka language.

Therefore, the word "Zhenglaiji" literally means "come to play again". When people are parting from each other, inviting others to come and play together next time is actually extended to the meaning of "goodbye". Furthermore, the use of "Come here!" is also similar to "Satisfied?" in the previous content of the article. It literally avoids the tone of saying goodbye, but invites others to play together next time. It is a kind of euphemistic and warm human touch, and it is also a traditional and common farewell term in Hakka.

In addition, in addition to using "Come here!", you can also use "Come here when you are free!", "Come here when you are free!" to express the meaning of "Come and play again when you are free!".

3.4.1.2 Goodbye!

• Four county sounds:zai(ㄗ ㄚ ㄧ)((ㄗㄞ))⁽⁵⁵⁾ gien(ㄍㄧㄝㄋ)((ㄍㄧㄢ))⁽⁵⁵⁾
• Hailuyin: zaiˇ⁽¹¹⁾ gienˇ⁽¹¹⁾ 
• Tai Po sound: zaiˋ⁽⁵³⁾ gien⁽⁵³⁾ 
• Rao Pingyin: zaiˋ⁽⁵³⁾ gien⁽⁵³⁾ 
• Zhao'an sound: zai^⁽³¹⁾ gien^⁽³¹⁾ 
• South four counties: zai⁽⁵⁵⁾ gian⁽⁵⁵⁾ 

Although the word "goodbye" in Hakka language is the same as in Chinese, its meaning is more understandable, but in fact, Hakka is more commonly used traditionally. For the majority.

3.5 Congratulations

The related congratulatory words and greetings in the Hakka language are similar to those in Chinese, and the word "bless you" can be added in front of the congratulatory words to express blessings to the listener. For example, adding "bless you" in front of "happy birthday" becomes " Happy birthday to you!" and so on.

3.5.1 Hakka sayings of congratulations

3.5.1.1 Happy Birthday

• Four county sounds:sang'(ㄙㄚㄫˊ)((ㄙㄤˊ))⁽²⁴⁾ ngidˋ(ㄫㄧㄉˋ)(　)⁽²⁾ kuai(ㄎㄨㄚㄧ)((ㄎㄨㄞ))⁽⁵⁵⁾  log(ㄌㄛㄍ)(　)⁽⁵⁾ 
• Hailuyin: sangˋ⁽⁵³⁾ ngid⁽⁵⁾  kuaiˇ⁽¹¹⁾ log⁽²⁾ 
• Tai Po sound: sang+⁽³³⁾ ngid^⁽²¹⁾ kuaiˋ⁽⁵³⁾ log⁽⁵⁴⁾ 
• Rao Pingyin: sangˇ⁽¹¹⁾ ngidˋ⁽²⁾ kuaiˋ⁽⁵³⁾ log⁽⁵⁾ 
• Zhao'an sound: sangˇ⁽¹¹⁾ ngid'⁽²⁴⁾ kuai^⁽³¹⁾ loo⁽⁵⁵⁾ 
• South four counties: sangˊ⁽²⁴⁾ ngidˋ⁽²⁾ kuai⁽⁵⁵⁾ log⁽⁵⁾ 

3.5.1.2 Physical health/physical fitness

• Four county sounds:siin'(ㄙㄋˊ)(　)⁽²⁴⁾ ti(ㄊㄧˋ)(　)⁽³¹⁾ kong'(ㄎㄛㄫ")((ㄎㄛㄥˊ))⁽²⁴⁾ kien(ㄎㄧㄝㄋ)((ㄎㄧㄢ))⁽⁵⁵⁾
• Hailuyin: shinˋ⁽⁵³⁾ you⁽²⁴⁾ kong⁽⁵³⁾ kien+⁽³³⁾
• Tai Po sound: shin+⁽³³⁾ ti^⁽³¹⁾ kong+⁽³³⁾ kien⁽⁵³⁾
• Rao Pingyin: shinˇ⁽¹¹⁾ ti⁽⁵³⁾ kong⁽¹¹⁾ kienˊ⁽²⁴⁾
• Zhao'an sound: shinˇ⁽¹¹⁾ te^⁽³¹⁾ kong⁽¹¹⁾ kien⁽⁵⁵⁾
• South four counties: siinˊ⁽²⁴⁾ ti⁽³¹⁾ kong'⁽²⁴⁾ kien⁽⁵⁵⁾

The Hakka of the word "health" can be "healthy" or "healthy", but most of the time it isUse "Healthy" more.

3.5.1.3 All the best

• Four county sounds:the van(ㄪㄚㄋ)((ㄪㄢ))⁽⁵⁵⁾ sii(ㄙ)( 　)⁽⁵⁵⁾ iˇ(ㄧˇ)(　)⁽¹¹⁾ i(ㄧ)(　(55)
• Hailuyin: van+⁽³³⁾ sii+⁽³³⁾ rhy⁽⁵⁵⁾ rhiˇ⁽¹¹⁾
• Tai Po sound: vanˋ⁽⁵³⁾ siiˋ⁽⁵³⁾ rhiˇ⁽¹¹³⁾ rhi⁽⁵³⁾
• Rao Pingyin: vanˊ⁽²⁴⁾ sii'⁽²⁴⁾ rhy⁽⁵⁵⁾ rhi⁽⁵³⁾
• Zhao'an sound: bban⁽⁵⁵⁾ su⁽⁵⁵⁾ rhi⁽⁵³⁾ rhi^⁽³¹⁾
• South four counties: van⁽⁵⁵⁾ sii⁽⁵⁵⁾ iˇ⁽¹¹⁾ i⁽⁵⁵⁾

3.5.2 Hakka sayings for festival congratulations

3.5.2.1 Happy New Year

• Four county sounds:xinˊ(ㄒㄧㄋˊ)((ㄒㄧㄣˊ))⁽²⁴⁾ ngien(ㄫㄧㄝㄋˇ)((ㄫ一ㄢˇ))ˇ⁽¹¹⁾ kuai(ㄎㄨㄚㄧ)((ㄎㄨㄞ))⁽⁵⁵⁾ log(ㄌㄛㄍ)(　)⁽⁵⁾
• Hailuyin: sinˋ⁽⁵³⁾ ngien⁽⁵⁵⁾ kuaiˇ⁽¹¹⁾ log⁽²⁾
• Tai Po sound: sin+⁽³³⁾ ngienˇ⁽¹¹³⁾ kuaiˋ⁽⁵³⁾ log⁽⁵⁴⁾
• Rao Pingyin: sinˇ⁽¹¹⁾ ngien⁽⁵⁵⁾ kuaiˋ⁽⁵³⁾ log⁽⁵⁾
• Zhao'an sound: sinˇ⁽¹¹⁾ neen⁽⁵³⁾ kuai^⁽³¹⁾ loo⁽⁵⁵⁾
• South four counties: xinˊ⁽²⁴⁾ ngianˇ⁽¹¹⁾ kuai⁽⁵⁵⁾ log⁽⁵⁾

3.5.2.2 Gong Xi Fa Cai

• Four county sounds:giungˊ(ㄍㄧㄨㄫˊ)((ㄍㄧㄨㄥˊ))⁽²⁴⁾ hi(ㄏㄧˋ)(　)⁽³¹⁾ fad(ㄈㄚㄉˋ)(　)⁽²⁾ coi(ㄘㄛㄧˇ)(　)⁽¹¹⁾
• Hailuyin: giungˋ⁽⁵³⁾ hi'⁽²⁴⁾ fad⁽⁵⁾ coi⁽⁵⁵⁾
• Tai Po pronunciation: giung+⁽³³⁾ hi^⁽³¹⁾ fad^⁽²¹⁾ caiˇ⁽¹¹³⁾
• Rao Pingyin: giungˇ⁽¹¹⁾ hi⁽⁵³⁾ fad⁽²⁾ coi⁽⁵⁵⁾
• Zhao'an pronunciation: giungˇ⁽¹¹⁾ hi^⁽³¹⁾ fad'⁽²⁴⁾ caiˋ⁽⁵³⁾
• South four counties: giungˊ⁽²⁴⁾ hi⁽³¹⁾ fad⁽²⁾ coi⁽¹¹⁾

4 Conclusion

The above content fully explains many greetings in Hakka, and carefully explains why the vocabulary is used, so that words that cannot be directly understood can truly understand their meanings, and can better understand the cultural meaning behind Hakka greetings. The greetings mentioned above will be organized into a table below so that readers can directly refer to them.

Taiwanese Hakka Greetings

greeting	Chinese	four counties	Nansi County	land and sea	Tai Po	Raoping	Zhao'an
Meet	Hello!	Hello!	Hello!	Hello!	Hello!	Hello!	Hello!
	Are you full?	Are you full?	Are you full?	Are you full?	Are you full?	Are you full?	Are you full?
time of day	morning! Good morning! Good morning!	Good morning!	Good morning!	Good morning!	Good morning!	Good morning!	?morning!
		Do you eat in the morning?	Do you have enough food in the morning?	Do you eat in the morning?	Do you eat in the morning?	Do you eat in the morning?	Do you eat breakfast?
	good afternoon! good afternoon!	good afternoon!	good afternoon!	good afternoon!	good afternoon!	good afternoon!	good afternoon!
		Full day?	Full day?	Full day?	Full day?	Full day?	Full day?
	Good night! Good evening!	Good night!	Good night!	Good night!	Good night!	Good night!	Good night!
		Have a full night?	Have a full night?	Have a full night?	Have a full night?	Have a full night?	Have a full night?
Long absence	haven't seen you for a long time!	I haven't looked at you for a long time!	I haven't looked at you for a long time!	I haven't looked at you for a long time!	I haven't looked at you for a long time!	It's been a long time!	It's been a long time!
	How is it going?	How long has it been?	How long has it been?	How long has it been?	How long has it been?	How long has it been?	Is this station okay?
say goodbye	goodbye!	Coming!	Coming!	Coming!	Coming!	Coming!	Coming!
		goodbye!	goodbye!	goodbye!	goodbye!	goodbye!	goodbye!
congratulate	Happy birthday	Happy birthday	Happy birthday	Happy birthday	Happy birthday	Happy birthday	Happy birthday
	In good health	good health	good health	good health	good health	good health	good health
	May all go well with you	May all go well with you	May all go well with you	May all go well with you	May all go well with you	May all go well with you	May all go well with you
	Happy New Year	Happy New Year	Happy New Year	Happy New Year	Happy New Year	Happy New Year	Happy New Year
	May you be happy and prosperous	May you be happy and prosperous	May you be happy and prosperous	May you be happy and prosperous	May you be happy and prosperous	May you be happy and prosperous	May you be happy and prosperous

references

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update record

1. 2022/05/17, multilingual version added.